简明英汉词典

 by means of
adv.
依靠

美国传统词典[双解]

 mean
mean 1
AHD:[m?n]
D.J.[mi8n]
K.K.[min]
v.（动词）
meant[mμnt] mean.ing， means
v.tr.（及物动词）

(1)

 To be used to convey; denote:
传达意思，表示：
“‘The question is,’ said Alice, ‘whether you can make words mean so many different things’” (Lewis Carroll)
“‘问题是’，艾丽斯说，‘是否你能够 使词汇具有那么多不同的意思’” (刘易斯·卡罗尔)

(2)

 To act as a symbol of; signify or represent:
意味，象征：作为象征而表现；代表，表示：
In this poem, the budding flower means youth.
在这首诗中，含苞待放的花朵象征着青春

(3)

 To intend to convey or indicate:
含意，意味：
“No one means all he says, and yet very few say all they mean, for words are slippery and thought is viscous”(Henry Adams)
“没有人说出的话全都是他的本意，而极少有人能把自己的本意全部说出来，因为文字的表达可以很含糊，而人的思想可以停滞”(亨利·亚当斯)

(4)

 To have as a purpose or an intention; intend:
意欲；打算：做为目的或意图而具有；计划：
I meant to go running this morning, but I overslept.
我今天早晨本打算去跑步，但是我睡过头了

(5)

 To design, intend, or destine for a certain purpose or end:
图谋，企图：为特定的目的或结果设计、打算或预定：
a building that was meant for storage; a student who was meant to be a scientist.
预定作仓库用的大楼；一名注定成为科学家的学生

(6)

 To have as a consequence; bring about:
造成：作为结果而具有；引起：
Friction means heat.
摩擦起热

(7)

 To have the importance or value of:
具有重要性或价值：
The opinions of the critics meant nothing to him. She meant so much to me.
对他来说，批评家们的意见没有任何意义。她对我来说那么重要
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To have intentions of a specified kind; be disposed:
有意做，打算：怀有特定用意；被处置：
She means well, despite her blunders.
她用意是好的，尽管她因为无知犯了大错误

习惯用语

 mean business【非正式用语】
To be in earnest.
急切，迫切

语源

(1)

 Middle English menen
中古英语 menen

(2)

 from Old English m?n [to tell of] * see mei-no-
源自 古英语 m?n [告诉] *参见 mei-no-

参考词汇

(1)

 mean， denote， import， signify

(2)

 The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to convey a particular idea”:
这些动词共有的中心意思是“解释某个特定的意思”：
what does the word serendipity mean?
单词serendipity 是什么意思？

(3)

 Pro- may denote “earlier” or “anterior.”
Pro- 可能指“早些”或“在…之前”。
Philadelphia is the city of brotherly love;
费城是个代表兄弟之爱的城市；
that is what its name imports.
那就是它的名字所含有的意义。
A crown signifies royal power.
皇冠表示皇家权力

基本词义

 mean
mean 2
AHD:[m?n]
D.J.[mi8n]
K.K.[min]
adj.（形容词）
mean.er， mean.est

(1)

 Selfish in a petty way; unkind.
自私的，小气的；无情的

(2)

 Cruel, spiteful, or malicious.
残酷的、可恶的或怀有恶意的

(3)

 Ignoble; base:
卑鄙的：
a mean motive.
卑鄙的动机

(4)

 Miserly; stingy.
自私的；吝啬的

(5)

 Low in quality or grade; inferior.
品质或等级低劣的；低级的

(6)

 Low in value or amount; paltry:
价值或数量低的；微不足道的：
paid no mean amount for the new shoes.
这双新鞋价格非常低

(7)

 Common or poor in appearance; shabby:
外表平常或贫穷的；简陋的：
“The rowhouses had been darkened by the rain and looked meaner and grimmer than ever”(Anne Tyler)
“一排排房屋被雨水浇湿，看上去比以前更加破旧阴暗了”(安妮·泰勒)

(8)

 Low in social status; of humble origins.
社会地位低下的；出身寒微的

(9)

 Humiliated or ashamed.
惭愧的，羞愧的

(10)

 In poor physical condition; sick or debilitated.
身体不好的；有病的，不舒服的

(11)

 Extremely unpleasant or disagreeable:
恼人的，讨厌的：
The meanest storm in years.
这些天来最讨厌的暴风雨

(12)

 Informal Ill-tempered.
【非正式用语】 脾气坏的

(13)

 Slang
【俚语】

(14)

 Hard to cope with; difficult or troublesome:
难对付的；困难的或麻烦的：
He throws a mean fast ball.
他掷一个又快又难以应付的球

(15)

 Excellent; skillful:
出色的；熟练的：
She plays a mean game of bridge.
她桥牌打得非常出色

语源

(1)

 Middle English
中古英语

(2)

 from Old English gem?e [common] * see mei- 1
源自 古英语 gem?e [普通的，平常的] *参见 mei- 1

继承用法

 mean“ly
adv.（副词）

参考词汇

(1)

 mean， low， base， abject， ignoble， sordid

(2)

 These adjectives mean lacking in the elevation or dignity or falling short of the standards befitting human beings.
这些形容词都是有缺乏尊严或不符合人类的道德标准的含义。

(3)

 Mean suggests pettiness; it may also connote traits such as spite or niggardliness:
Mean 有心胸狭窄的含义，同时也指带有恶意或吝啬：
“chok'd with ambition of the meaner sort” (Shakespeare).
“被那种狭窄的野心憋得透不过气来” （莎士比亚）。
“Never ascribe to an opponent motives meaner than your own” (J.M. Barrie). Something low violates standards of morality, ethics, or propriety:
“千万不要和比你自己的动机更恶毒的对手较量” (J.M.巴里）。Low 的人（或事）违背道德、伦理和礼貌的标准：
low cunning;
卑劣的狡诈；
a low trick.
卑劣的恶作剧。

(4)

 Base suggests a contemptible, mean-spirited, or selfish lack of human decency:
Base 指思想卑鄙，让人蔑视，缺乏人类的自尊：
“that liberal obedience, without which your army would be a base rabble” (Edmund Burke).
“那心甘情愿的服从；如果没有它，你们的军队将是一群卑鄙的乌合之众” （爱德蒙·伯克）。

(5)

 Abject means brought low in condition; it often indicates starkness or hopelessness:
Abject 多指因处于严酷、无望的状态下导致的卑鄙行为：
abject submission;
可鄙的屈服；
abject poverty.
可鄙的贫穷。

(6)

 Ignoble means lacking those qualities, such as elevated moral character, that give human beings distinction of mind and soul:
Ignoble 指缺乏那些使人类思想、心灵和精神高贵的品格，如很高的道德水准：
“For my part I think it a less evil that some criminals should escape than that the government should play an ignoble part” (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.).
“至于我，我认为一些罪犯的脱逃比政府扮演不光彩角色的罪行还要轻” （小奥立佛·文德尔·霍姆）。

(7)

 Sordid suggests foul, repulsive degradation:
Sordid 表示令人厌恶的卑鄙：
“It is through art . . . that we can shield ourselves from the sordid perils of actual existence” (Oscar Wilde).
“是艺术…使我们能够避开现实世界卑鄙、肮脏的危险” （奥斯卡·王尔德）

基本词义

 mean
mean 3
AHD:[m?n]
D.J.[mi8n]
K.K.[min]
n.（名词）

(1)

 Something having a position, quality, or condition midway between extremes; a medium.
中等：在位置、品质、条件上处于两极端中间的；中庸适度

(2)

 Mathematics
【数学】

(3)

 A number that typifies a set of numbers, such as a geometric mean or an arithmetic mean.
中数：代表一组数的一个数，如几何中数或算术中数

(4)

 The average value of a set of numbers.
平均值

(5)

 Logic The middle term in a syllogism.
【逻辑学】 三段论的中项

(6)

 means (used with a sing. or pl. verb)A method, a course of action, or an instrument by which an act can be accomplished or an end achieved.
means （与单数或复数动词连用）方法，手段：用于完成一个行动或取得一个结果的方法、手段或工具

(7)

 means (used with a pl. verb)
means （与复数动词连用）

(8)

 Money, property, or other wealth:
金钱，财产或其他富：
You ought to live within your means.
你应该量力为出

(9)

 Great wealth:
巨大财富：
a woman of means.
富婆
adj.（形容词）

(1)

 Occupying a middle or intermediate position between two extremes.
居中的，中间的；中庸的

(2)

 Intermediate in size, extent, quality, time, or degree; medium.
中等的：在两极端之间占具中间位置的，居中的

习惯用语

 by all means
Without fail; certainly.
当然；当然可以

by any means
In any way possible; in any case:
用尽各种可能的办法；无论如何：
not by any means an easy opponent.
无论如何也不是一个容易的对手

by means of
With the use of; owing to:
使用；由于：
They succeeded by means of patience and sacrifice.
他们靠耐心和牺牲而取得了成功

by no means
In no sense; certainly not:
并没有；绝不：
This remark by no means should be taken lightly.
这次讲话绝不能等闲视之

语源

(1)

 Middle English mene [middle]
中古英语 mene [中间]

(2)

 from Old French meien
源自 古法语 meien

(3)

 from Latin medi3s
源自 拉丁语 medi3s

(4)

 from medius * see medhyo-
源自 medius *参见 medhyo-

用法

(1)

 In the sense of “financial resources” means takes a plural verb:
在“经济来源”这个意义上，means 使用的是复数：
His means are more than adequate.
他的财富绰绰有余。

(2)

 In the sense of “a way to an end” means may be treated as either a singular or plural. It is singular when referring to a particular strategy or method:
从“方法、手段”的意义上讲，means 既可以是单数，也可以是复数。 如果指的是个别的方法或策略则是单数：
The best means of securing the cooperation of the builders is to appeal to their self-interest.
保证建造者之间合作的最好办法就是满足他们的各自利益。

(3)

 It is plural when it refers to a group of strategies or methods:
如果指的是一组方法或策略则是复数：
The most effective means for dealing with the drug problem have generally been those suggested by the affected communities. ·
对付毒品问题最有效的办法是那些受到毒品问题影响的社区所提供的。 ·

(4)

 Means is most often followed by of :
Means 后面常跟 of ：
a means of noise reduction.
降低噪音的办法。

(5)

 But for, to, and toward are also used:
但也跟for，to 和 toward ：
a means for transmitting signals;
传递信号的手段；
a means to an end;
达到某个目的的手段；
a means toward achieving social equality.
为实现社会均等而采取的手段

现代英汉综合大辞典

 means
[mi:nz]
n.
[复]

(1)

 [用作单或复]方法, 手段; 工具

(2)

 财力, 收入, 资产; 金钱, 财富
Are there any means of getting there?
有什么方法可以到那里吗?
The quickest means of travel is by plane.
最快的旅行途径是乘飞机。
Have you the means to support a wife?
你有钱养活妻子吗?

习惯用语

 by all means

(1)

 (表示同意)当然可以, 没问题

(2)

 务必; 勿论如何; 不惜一切地; 千方百计地

by any means
[口]用一切可能的方法或手段

by fair means or foul
不择手段地

by means of
通过; 用; 借助于

by no means
决不, 一点也不

by some means (or other)
想个办法; 以某种方法

by this means
用这种方法

by what means
怎样

leave no means untried
想尽一切办法

live beyond one's means
过着超过自已收入的生活

live within one's means
量入为出地(生活)

narrow means
穷困

not by any means
一点也不, 绝对不

The end justifies the means.
[谚]只要目的正当, 可以不择手段。

means to an end
达到目的的手段

特殊用法

 antihunt means

(1)

 防振设备

(2)

 寄生振荡消除器

(3)

 稳定方法

(4)

 稳定器, 阻尼器

anti-sweeping means of mine
水雷反扫器材

audio-visual education means
视听教育手段

automatic control means
自动控制手段

auxiliary means

(1)

 辅助平均值

(2)

 辅助工具

beam splitting means
分色器

clamping means
夹紧方法

cleaning means
清洗工具, 修整工具

command means
指挥手段

compulsive means
强制手段

conspiratorial means
阴谋手段

controlling means
调节装置, 控制设备, 控制方法

conveyor guide means
输送机导向装置

cooling means
冷却装置, 冷却方法

debris loading means
装碴工具

delivery means
投射手段

dipping coil primary means
电磁式检测设备

domestic means of payment
【金融】国内支付手段

electrooptical means of communication
电光通讯工具

engaging means
接通机构

epistemic means
【哲】认识手段

evacuation means
【军】后送工具

expedient crossing means
就便渡河器材

foreign means of payment
国外支付手段

fraudulent means
欺诈手段

fuel charging means
燃料供送器, 燃料加料器

ground means of transportation
地面运输设备

guide means
导向装置

heating means

(1)

 加热方法

(2)

 加热设备

hydrodynamic means
水力动力法(一种高速成形法)

illegal means
不法手段

immediate means
直接方法

improvised means
应用器材

information storage means
信息存储方法

intelligence means
情报手段

interim means
临时(中间)措施

intermediate means
中间设备, 中间手段

intuitional means
直观手段

judicial means
【律】司法方法

lawful means
合法手段

legal means
合法手段

logic means
逻辑方法

material means of warfare
战争物资

measuring means

(1)

 量度工具, 测量装置, 测量器

(2)

 测量方法

military means
军事手段

military communication means
军事通信手段

minelaying means
布雷手段

movable means of communication
可移动通信工具

national means of verification
国家核查手段

navigational means
导航仪表和设备

optical means
光学方法, 光学装置

original means of production
【经济】原始的生产手段

ownership of productive means
【经济】生产资料所有制

photo-reproduction means
照相复制设备

physical means
物质手段

polarizing means
定位装置

poor means of transportation
运输呆滞

popularisation means
宣传工具

practice means
实用方法

private means
工资以外的收入

private owership of productive means
【经济】生产资料私有制

protecting means
保护装置, 保险装置

public owership of productive means
【经济】生产资料公有制

pulse-generating means
脉冲振荡装置, 脉冲发生器

reconnaissance means
侦察手段

regulation means
调整方法

setting means
对时方法

signal-generating means
信号发生法

slender means
小额本钱, 小额财产

stirring means

(1)

 搅拌方法

(2)

 搅拌装置

storage means
存储方法

supplementary means
辅助手段

teaching means
教学手段

terroristic means
恐怖手段

time delay correction means
时间延迟校正方法

unlawful means
非[不]法手段

visible means
有形财产

means of acquisition
营利手段

means of circulation
流通手段

means of classification
分类方法

means of communication
通讯工具[手段]

means of consumption
消费资料

means of conveyance
运输工具; 运输资料

means of economic policy
经济政策手段

means of exchange
交易手段, 交易工具

means of fastening
加固方法(货物或集装箱装车)

means of fire
射击手段

means of hoard
贮藏手段

means of illumination
照明方法; 照明设备

means of investigation
侦察手段

means of labour
劳动手段, 劳动资料

means of line communication
有线通信设备

means of liquidity
灵活资金

means of livelihood
生活资料

means of logistic command
后勤指挥手段

means of medical evacuation
医疗后送工具

means of operation
作战手段

means of payment
支付工具, 支付手段

means of production
生产手段, 生产工具, 生产资料

means of purchase
购买手段

means of random variables
随机变数的平均数

means of recourse
追索办法

means of subsistence
生活资料, 谋生手段

means of support

(1)

 支承方法

(2)

 支承装置

means of traffic support
交通保障手段

means of transportation
运输工具

means of transportation for the sick and wounded serviceman
伤病员运输工具

美国传统词典

 mean
mean 1
AHD:[m?n]
D.J.[mi8n]
K.K.[min]
v.
meant[mμnt] mean.ing, means
v.tr.

(1)

 To be used to convey; denote:
“‘The question is,’ said Alice, ‘whether you can make words mean so many different things’” (Lewis Carroll)

(2)

 To act as a symbol of; signify or represent:
In this poem, the budding flower means youth.

(3)

 To intend to convey or indicate:
“No one means all he says, and yet very few say all they mean, for words are slippery and thought is viscous”(Henry Adams)

(4)

 To have as a purpose or an intention; intend:
I meant to go running this morning, but I overslept.

(5)

 To design, intend, or destine for a certain purpose or end:
a building that was meant for storage; a student who was meant to be a scientist.

(6)

 To have as a consequence; bring about:
Friction means heat.

(7)

 To have the importance or value of:
The opinions of the critics meant nothing to him. She meant so much to me.
v.intr.
To have intentions of a specified kind; be disposed:
She means well, despite her blunders.

习惯用语

 mean businessInformal
To be in earnest.

语源

(1)

 Middle English menen

(2)

 from Old English m?n [to tell of] * see mei-no-

参考词汇

(1)

 mean, denote, import, signify

(2)

 The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to convey a particular idea”:
what does the word serendipity mean?

(3)

 Pro- may denote “earlier” or “anterior.”
Philadelphia is the city of brotherly love;
that is what its name imports.
A crown signifies royal power.

基本词义

 mean
mean 2
AHD:[m?n]
D.J.[mi8n]
K.K.[min]
adj.
mean.er, mean.est

(1)

 Selfish in a petty way; unkind.

(2)

 Cruel, spiteful, or malicious.

(3)

 Ignoble; base:
a mean motive.

(4)

 Miserly; stingy.

(5)

 Low in quality or grade; inferior.

(6)

 Low in value or amount; paltry:
paid no mean amount for the new shoes.

(7)

 Common or poor in appearance; shabby:
“The rowhouses had been darkened by the rain and looked meaner and grimmer than ever”(Anne Tyler)

(8)

 Low in social status; of humble origins.

(9)

 Humiliated or ashamed.

(10)

 In poor physical condition; sick or debilitated.

(11)

 Extremely unpleasant or disagreeable:
The meanest storm in years.

(12)

 Informal Ill-tempered.

(13)

 Slang

(14)

 Hard to cope with; difficult or troublesome:
He throws a mean fast ball.

(15)

 Excellent; skillful:
She plays a mean game of bridge.

语源

(1)

 Middle English

(2)

 from Old English gem?e [common] * see mei- 1

继承用法

 mean“ly
adv.

参考词汇

(1)

 mean, low, base, abject, ignoble, sordid

(2)

 These adjectives mean lacking in the elevation or dignity or falling short of the standards befitting human beings.

(3)

 Mean suggests pettiness; it may also connote traits such as spite or niggardliness:
“chok'd with ambition of the meaner sort” (Shakespeare).
“Never ascribe to an opponent motives meaner than your own” (J.M. Barrie). Something low violates standards of morality, ethics, or propriety:
low cunning;
a low trick.

(4)

 Base suggests a contemptible, mean-spirited, or selfish lack of human decency:
“that liberal obedience, without which your army would be a base rabble” (Edmund Burke).

(5)

 Abject means brought low in condition; it often indicates starkness or hopelessness:
abject submission;
abject poverty.

(6)

 Ignoble means lacking those qualities, such as elevated moral character, that give human beings distinction of mind and soul:
“For my part I think it a less evil that some criminals should escape than that the government should play an ignoble part” (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.).

(7)

 Sordid suggests foul, repulsive degradation:
“It is through art . . . that we can shield ourselves from the sordid perils of actual existence” (Oscar Wilde).

基本词义

 mean
mean 3
AHD:[m?n]
D.J.[mi8n]
K.K.[min]
n.

(1)

 Something having a position, quality, or condition midway between extremes; a medium.

(2)

 Mathematics

(3)

 A number that typifies a set of numbers, such as a geometric mean or an arithmetic mean.

(4)

 The average value of a set of numbers.

(5)

 Logic The middle term in a syllogism.

(6)

 means (used with a sing. or pl. verb)A method, a course of action, or an instrument by which an act can be accomplished or an end achieved.

(7)

 means (used with a pl. verb)

(8)

 Money, property, or other wealth:
You ought to live within your means.

(9)

 Great wealth:
a woman of means.
adj.

(1)

 Occupying a middle or intermediate position between two extremes.

(2)

 Intermediate in size, extent, quality, time, or degree; medium.

习惯用语

 by all means
Without fail; certainly.

by any means
In any way possible; in any case:
not by any means an easy opponent.

by means of
With the use of; owing to:
They succeeded by means of patience and sacrifice.

by no means
In no sense; certainly not:
This remark by no means should be taken lightly.

语源

(1)

 Middle English mene [middle]

(2)

 from Old French meien

(3)

 from Latin medi3s

(4)

 from medius * see medhyo-

用法

(1)

 In the sense of “financial resources” means takes a plural verb:
His means are more than adequate.

(2)

 In the sense of “a way to an end” means may be treated as either a singular or plural. It is singular when referring to a particular strategy or method:
The best means of securing the cooperation of the builders is to appeal to their self-interest.

(3)

 It is plural when it refers to a group of strategies or methods:
The most effective means for dealing with the drug problem have generally been those suggested by the affected communities. ·

(4)

 Means is most often followed by of :
a means of noise reduction.

(5)

 But for, to, and toward are also used:
a means for transmitting signals;
a means to an end;
a means toward achieving social equality.

英汉船舶大词典

 by means of
n.借助于

英汉法学大词典

 by means of
由

英汉航海大词典

 by means of
prep.用,以

英汉环境大词典

 by means of
n.借助于,通过,用

英汉化学大词典

 by means of
adv.借助于,通过,用

英汉经贸大词典

 by means of
n.借助于,通过,用

英汉计算机大词典

 by means of
adv.用

英汉能源大词典

 by means of
n.借助于,通过,用

英汉中医大词典

 by means of
n.通过,用,以

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